Ratchet-tool.



N0. 814,528. PATENTBD MAR. 6, 1906.

` Z. T. PURBISH.

RATGHBT TOOL.

`MPLIOATION FILED MAR.25. 190s.

thehandle the thrust NITED sTATEs PATENT oEErcE.

ZACHRY T. FURBISH, OF PHILADELPHIA,

NORTH BROTHERS MANUFACTURING PENNSYLVANIA, A CORPORATION OF PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGN OR TO PENNSYLVANIA.

RATCHET-TOOL.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented March 6, 1906.

Application led March 25, 1903. Serial No. 149.524.

-To all whom t may concern,.-

A further object of the invention is Vto pro-l vide a -thrust-bearing for the spindle, so that it will be always held central even if the body of the driver is slightly strained.

My invention is especially applicable as a ratchet screw-driver g but it maybe used for any suitable tool without departing from my invention.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure' 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a screwdriver illustrating my invention. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view on the line Z 2, Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a transverse section on the line 3 3, Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a transverse sectional view on the line 4 4, Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a perspective view showing the parts detached, and Fig. 6 is a view showing my invention applied to a spiral tool. l

A isv the body of the tool, having a shank A which is driven into the handle C and secured rthereto in any suitable manner.

B is the spindle of the screw-driver, having formed at its inner end in the present instance a ratchet-wheel b. This ratchet-wheel may in some instances be made separate and secured to the spindle B.

In the body A is a'recess a, in which is a plate b', which iits lin a recess b2 in the spindle B and locks the spindle to the body A. The end of the spindleB ts snugly in the opening a in they-body A, and between the bottom of this opening and the end ofthe spindle is a ball c, resting in a socket in the body A and in the end of the spindle B, so that when the screw-driver is used and pressure is applied to will be taken by this ball, thusV relieving friction. At the same time the ball will keep the spindle'central in respect to the handle, so that the ratchetwheel' always has the same relation to the pawls, which is very essential in this class of r f tools,owing Vto the fact that the parts must bema'de so small that if there is a loose fit of the spindle in the body the pawls are liable in time to slip.

a2 a3 are two radial slots formed in the body A, and e e e2 are three annular grooves in the body. Mounted in the slots a2 a3 are the pawls I I', respectively. Each pawl has a recess 'i at the center and is notched at each end at t t and has two beveled edges on each side of the central recess, which engage vthe COMPANY, OF PHILADELPHIA,

ratchet-teeth on the spindle B. Arranged to slide in the annular groove e is a segmental cam G, having tapered arms g g at each end, as shown in Figs. 4 and 5. The cam-block and the pawls are held in position on the body A by means of a casing H, which is secured to the body by means of a screw h. The casing has a slot h, and a pin g2 on the block G extends through the slot, so that the block can be readily shifted to throw either one of the pawls out of engagement with the ratchet-wheel. The arms of the cam G are flat on their upper surfaces and have a broad bearing against the base of the recess in each pawl, so that when either pawl is raised by the cam it moves bodily out of engagement with the ratchet-teeth remaining parallel therewith. The cam G is provided with shoulders g3, which when the cam is moved in Y either direction strike against the pawls, and thus limit the movement of the cam. These shoulders may be dispensed with in some instances, and the pm g2 may act as a stop. Springs n n are mounted in the grooves e e2 and rest in the notches e" clearly shown in Fig. tend to force the pawls in engagement with the ratchet l) on the spindle B. The ends of the springs are slightly bent, so-that they will engage the pawls and retain their position when the tool is being assembled. It will be noticed inreferring t'o Figs. 3 and 5 that the ends of the pawls are beveled in opposite diof the pawls I I', as 3, and these springs rections, so that one pawl will be used in turning the screw-driver to the right and the other to the left.

The operation of the tool is as follows: When the parts are assembled aild the cam-block G moved to the position shown in the drawings, the pawl I is clear of the ratchet and the pawl I engages the ratchet, so that when dle is turned in the direction of the arrow, Fig. 3, it will also turn the spindle B of the screwdriver, but when the handle is turned in the the hanl IOO reverse direction the pawl will simply slide over the ratchet-teeth without turning the spindle. When it is wished to reverse the motion, the block G is moved, so that the cam g will enter the recess 'i in the pawl I moving the pawl out of engagement with the ratchet-teeth and releasing the pawl I, so that the springs rnl n will force the pawl I into engagement with the ratchet-teeth. Then if the handle is turned in the reverse direction to that shown by the arrow in Fig. 3 the spindle B will turn with the handle, but will not turn with it when the handle is reversed. If it is desired to lock the spindle rigidly to the handle, then the block G is moved to the midposition, allowing the springs n n to force both pawls into engagement with the ratchetteeth, so that the handle is locked by both pawls. In some instances the casing H may be loose on the body A and secured to the cam-block G, so that on turning the casing the cam-block can be moved, so asvto engage the pawls, the cam-block preventing the casing moving longitudinally.

It will be understood that my improved ratchet mechanism may be used on a tool having a spiral spindle B, on which are mounted one or two ratchet-wheels b3 b4, having tongues entering the spiral grooves in the spindle. rIhe pawls may be either beveled or plain, the latter forminga positive lock for the ratchet-wheel. (See Fig. 6.)

While I have illustrated a tool in which two pawls are used, a single pawl may be used in some instances without departing from the main feature of my invention.

I claim as my invention- 1. rlhe combination in a ratchet-tool of a body portion having a slot and an annular groove, a spindle provided with a toothed portion, a bodily-movable pawl mounted in the slot and placed to engage the ratchetteeth, with a cam slidably carried in the annular groove of the body portion and placed to engage said pawl in such manner as to bodily move the same while retaining it parallel to the lines of the ratchet-teeth, substantially as described.

2. The combination in a ratchet-tool, of a body portion having an opening therein, a spindle mounted in the opening and having ratchet-teeth, the body having radial slots and annular grooves, a bodily-movable pawl in each slot arranged to engage theratchetteeth of the spindle, springs for the pawls, and a cam mounted in one of the grooves of the body and arranged to bodily lift either one of the pawls out of engagement with the ratchetteeth, substantially as described.

3. The combination of a body portion having an opening therein and having two radial slots communicating with the opening and also having three annular grooves, a spindle having ratchet-teeth therein, that portion of the spindle having the ratchet-teeth being in the opening of the body, pawls mounted in each slot, each pawl being recessed at the center, springs in the outer grooves ofthe body portion engaging the pawls, and a cam mounted in the central groove and having tapered arms arranged to pass into the recesses in the pawls and push the pawls away from the ratchet-teeth, substantially as described.

4. The combination of a body portion having an opening therein and radial slots eX- tending from said opening and also having annular grooves, a spindle having ratchetteeth thereon, the toothed portion of the spindle being in the opening of the body, a casing on the body portion, a pawl in each slot, each pawl having a central recess and notched at each en d, aspring mounted in each end groove resting on the notched portions of the pawls, a cam mounted in the central groove and having tapered arms shaped to enter the recesses in the pawls and to move them away from the ratchet-wheels, substantially as described.

5. The combination of a body portion having an opening therein and radial slots eX- tending from said opening and also having annular grooves, a spindle having ratchetteeth thereon, the toothed portion of the spindle being in the opening of the body, a casing on the body portion, a pawl in each slot, each pawl having a central recess and notched at each end, a spring mounted in each end groove and resting on the notched portions of the pawls, a cam mounted in the central groove and having tapered arms shaped to enter the recesses in the pawls and to move them away from the ratchet-wheels, the ends of the springs being bent to engage the pawls, substantially as described.

6. The combination in a ratchet-tool, of a body portion having an opening, a spindle in said opening, a ratchet on said spindle, bodily-movable pawls extending substantially parallel to the spindle and a pair of segmental springs, one at each end of the pawls, for forcing the same into engagement with the ratchet, the ends of the springs being bent to engage the pawls, substantially as described.

7. The combination in a ratchet-tool, of a body portion, an opening therein, a spindle in said opening, a ratchet on the spindle, a pawl having a central recess, a cam having a flat surface and arranged to enter the recess and lift the pawl bodily out of engagement with the ratchet, substantially as described.

8. The combination in a ratchet-tool, of a body portion, an opening therein, a spindle in said opening, a ratchet on said spindle, two pawls, each pawl having a recess, a segmental cam having arms arranged to enter the recesses in the pawls and lift them out of engagement with the ratchet, said cam having shoulders acting as stops, substantially as described.

9. The combination in a ratchet-tool, of a body portion having a slot therein, a ratchet- IIO Wheel, a paWl therefor mounted in said slot of the body portion and movable bodily therein, a spring acting upon the paWl, and a cam for bodily moving said paWl in aline substantially radial to the axis of the ratchet-Wheel into and out of engagement With said Wheel, substantially as described.

10. The combination in a ratchet-tool of a body portion having a slot, a spindle provided with a toothed portion, an elongated bodilymovable paWl mounted in the slot so as to eX- tend in a line substantially parallel to the line of the spindle and capable of engagement with the ratchet-teeth, with a cam carried by the body portion and shaped to be capable of r 5 In testimony whereof I have signed my zo name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing Witnesses.

ZACHRY T. FURBISH.

Witnesses:

WILL. A. BARR, Jos. H. KLEIN. 

